Abstract  The aim of this study was to identify the main bottlenecks in the milk production chain in Colméia, using the theory of Global Value Chains (GVCs) to address the existing gap in the literature on the milk chain. For this purpose, bibliographic and documental research was conducted, along with semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, based on the six dimensions of GVC analysis. The sampling employed non-probabilistic techniques, specifically snowball and intentional sampling. The identified bottlenecks include: low milk quality, difficulties in conducting analyses in accredited laboratories, underutilized capacity of agro-industries, limited product portfolios, low educational levels and insufficient training, aging producers and lack of generational succession, a shortage of labor, lack of technical assistance, deficient infrastructure, lack of land titling in rural settlements, difficulty accessing credit and certifications, absence of formal contracts and cooperativism, and abandonment of the activity. This study provides a guiding framework for researchers and policymakers. It is suggested that future studies address topics such as milk quality within the chain, the role of governance in upgrading, brand development, geographical indications, and further exploration of the bottlenecks identified here, aiming to propose tangible solutions.

Keywords:
family farming; dairy chain; development; economy; bottlenecks